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MISSION
To
facilitate and coordinate the removal, collection, and disposal of
debris following a disaster, to mitigate against any potential
threat to the health, safety, and welfare of the impacted citizens,
and expedite recovery efforts in the impacted area, and address any
threat of significant damage to improved public or private property.
SITUATION
Natural and man‑made disasters precipitate a variety of debris that
includes, but is not limited to, such things as trees, sand, gravel,
building/construction materials, vehicles, personal property, etc.
The
quantity and type of debris generated from any particular disaster
is a function of the location and kind of event experienced, as well
as its magnitude, duration, and intensity.
The
quantity and type of debris generated, its location, and the size of
the area over which it is dispersed directly impacts the type of
collection and disposal methods used to address the debris problem,
associated costs incurred, and the speed with which the problem can
be addressed.
In a
major or catastrophic disaster, may
have difficulty in locating staff, equipment, and funds to devote to
debris removal, in the short as well as long term.
Private contractors play a significant
role in the debris removal, collection, reduction, and disposal
process.
The
debris management program implemented by will
be based on the waste management approach of reduction, reuse,
reclamation. Resources recovery, incineration, and landfilling,
respectively.
ORGANIZATION AND CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
The
Department of Public Works is
responsible for the debris removal function. The Department of
Public Works (DPW) will work in conjunction with designated support
agencies utility companies, waste management firms, and trucking
companies, to facilitate the debris clearance, collection,
reduction, and disposal needs following a disaster.
DPW will be responsible for removing debris from the public
right-of-way. Only when pre approved and it is deemed in the public
interest will DPW remove debris from private property. DPW will
further stage equipment in strategic locations locally as well as
regionally, if necessary, to protect the equipment from damage,
preserve the decision maker’s flexibility for employment of the
equipment, and allow for the clearing crews to begin work
immediately after the disaster.
Because of the limited quantity of resources and service commitments
following the disaster, will be relying heavily on private
contractors to remove, collect, and manage
C-9
(page 1)
debris
for reuse, resource recovery, reduction, and disposal. Using private
contractors instead of government workers in debris removal
activities has a number of benefits. It shifts the burden of
conducting the work from to the
private sector, freeing up government personnel to devote more time
to their regularly assigned duties. Private contracting also
stimulates local, regional, and State economies impacted by the
storm, as well as maximizes State and local governments' level of
financial assistance from the Federal government. Private
contracting allows the State and its political subdivisions to more
closely tailor their contract services to their specific needs. The
entire process (i.e., clearance, collection, transporting,
reduction, and disposal, etc.) or segments of the process can be
contracted out.
The
Public Works Department will also
develop and maintain a list of approved contractors who have the
capability to provide debris removal, collection, and disposal in a
cost effective, expeditious, and environmentally sound manner
following a disaster.
STAFF
DEVELOPMENT & RESPONSIBILITIES
The
(Applicant) is responsible for the
developing a debris management plan and shall select a “Debris
Manager” to supervise a “Debris Management Staff”. The staff shall
be comprised of personnel to perform:
1.
Administration
Function: Housekeeping, supplies, equipment, funding,
accounting.
2.
Contracting and Procurement
Function; Bidding requirements, forms, advertisements for
bids,
instructions to bidders, contract
development.
3.
Legal
Function: Contract review, right of entry permits,
community liability
condemnation of buildings, land
acquisition for temporary
staging and reduction sites, land
acquisition for disposal
sites, insurance.
4.
Operations
Function: Supervision of government and contract
resources and
overall project management.
5.
Engineering
Function: Detailed damage assessment, identification of
project tasks,
assignments of tasks, preparation of
estimates, plans,
specifications, and recommendation of
contract award.
6.
Public Information Specialist
Function: Coordinate press releases, contacts with local
organizations,
individuals, and media; and public
notices for debris
removal and disposal contracts.
The
staff shall coordinate with all State and Federal agencies
responsible for disaster response and recovery operations. The
staff will be assigned the task of:
1.
Assembling to develop a Debris Management Plan.
2.
Developing an analysis and debris management capability
3.
Discourage development in hazardous zones.
4.
Develop public information and education programs.
5.
Train personnel in debris management techniques.
6.
Maintain pre-disaster maps, blueprints, photos and other documents.
7.
Make a list of critical facilities (streets, roads, and
bridges).
8.
Identify non-government groups that could
assist.
C-9
(page 2)
CONTRACT AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS
Sample
contracts with a menu of services and generic scopes of work will be
developed by the Attorney’s Office
prior to the disaster to allow the
to more closely tailor
its contracts to its needs, as well as expedite their implementation
in a prompt and effective manner.
The
will be responsible for
managing the debris contract from project inception to completion.
Managing the debris contract includes such things as monitoring of
performance, contract modifications, inspections, acceptance,
payment, and closing out of activities. is
encouraged to enter into cooperative agreements with other State
agencies and local governments to maximize public assets. The
development of such agreements must comply with the guidelines
established in their agency procurement manual. All State agencies
and local governments that wish to participate in such agreements
should be identified prior to the development and implementation of
the agreement.
The
three types of contracts required are the:
1.
Time and Materials Contract. Will be limited to the first 70 hours
of operation and only after all State and local equipment has been
committed. The price for equipment applies only when the equipment
is operating, the can terminate the
contract at its convenience, and the does
not guarantee a minimum number of hours.
2.
Lump Sum Contract. The price of the work is fixed unless there is a
change in the scope of work to be performed. Lump sum contracts
will be calculated on either the “area” method or the “pass”
method. The lump sum contract shall only be used when the scope of
work is clearly defined and the areas of work can be specifically
quantified.
3.
The Unit Price Contract. Is the most accurate account of actual
quantities removed. Requires field inspectors to eliminate
contractor fraud. All contractor trucks must be measured. Requires
load tickets identifying truck number, contract number, contractor’s
name, date, time departed site, and estimated volume.
The
Attorney’s Office has drawn-up sample
contracts and these contracts are attached to this plan as an
annex.
has
established Mutual Aid Agreements with the following entities to
provide assistance with debris removal in the event of a disaster
resulting in copious amounts of debris:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
These
agreements include utilization of personnel, equipment, temporary
landfill sites, emergency services, and law enforcement.
C-9
(page 3)
has
further identified certain volunteer (VOAD), State and Federal
agencies ready to assist. These agencies include Civic Clubs,
Church organizations, Salvation Army, State Department of
Transportation, National Guard, scrap dealers, and U.S. Department
of Labor. These VOAD organizations will be coordinated by the
State.
SITE
SELECTION
Debris
storage and reduction sites will be identified and evaluated by
interagency site selection teams comprised of a multi‑disciplinary
staff who are familiar with the area. A listing of appropriate
local, State, and Federal contacts will be developed by the
appropriate agencies to expedite the formation of the interagency,
multi‑disciplinary site selection teams.
Initially, debris will be placed in temporary holding areas,
determined before the onset of the disaster, until such time as a
detailed plan of debris collection and disposal is prepared. This is
not anticipated until after the local traffic has been restored.
Temporary debris collection sites should be readily accessible by
recovery equipment and should not require extensive preparation or
coordination for use. Collection sites will be on public property
when feasible to facilitate the implementation of the mission and
mitigate against any potential liability requirements. Activation of
sites will be under the control of the Director of Public Works, and
will be coordinated with other recovery efforts through the
emergency operations center.
Site
selection criteria will be developed into a checklist format for use
by these teams to facilitate identification and assessment of
potential sites. Criteria will include such factors of ownership of
property, size of parcel, surrounding land uses and environmental
conditions, and transportation facilities that serve the site. A
site selection priority list is attached as an annex to this plan.
The
following is a list of temporary holding sites:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DEBRIS
REMOVAL PRIORITIES
The
debris removal process must be initiated promptly and conducted in
an orderly, effective manner in order to protect public health and
safety following a major or catastrophic event. To achieve this
objective, the first priority will be to clear debris from key roads
in order to provide access for emergency vehicles and resources into
the impacted area. Key roads in
are identified
as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C-9
(page 4)
The
need and demand for critical services will be increased
significantly following a disaster. Therefore, the second priority
that debris removal resources will be assigned is providing access
to critical facilities pre‑identified by State and local
governments. Critical facilities in
have been
identified as:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The
third priority for the debris removal teams to address will be the
elimination of debris related threats to public health and safety.
This will include such things as the repair, demolition, or
barricading of heavily damaged and structurally unstable buildings,
systems, or facilities that pose a danger to the public. Any actions
taken to mitigate or eliminate the threat to the public health and
safety must be closely coordinated with the owner or responsible
party. If access to the area can be controlled, the necessary
actions can be deferred.
DEBRIS
CLASSIFICATION
To
facilitate the debris management process, debris will be segregated
by type. It is recommended that the categories of debris established
for recovery operations will be standardized. The Parish will
adopt the categories established for recovery operations by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers following Hurricane Andrew. Debris removed
will consist of two broad categories (clean wood debris and
construction and demolition debris. Most common hurricane-generated
debris will consist of 30% clean woody material and 70% C&D. Of the
70% mixed C&D it is estimated 42% will be burnable but require
sorting, 5% will be soil, 15% will be metals, and 38% landfill.
Definition of classifications of debris are as follows:
Burnable Materials:
Burnable materials will be of two types with separate burn
locations:
Burnable Debris:
Burnable debris includes, but is not limited to, damaged and
disturbed trees; bushes and shrubs; broken, partially broken and
severed tree limbs; and bushes. Burnable debris consists
predominately of trees and vegetation. Burnable debris does not
include garbage or construction and demolition material debris.
Burnable Construction Debris:
Burnable construction and demolition debris consists of non‑creosote
structural timber, wood products, and other materials designated by
the coordinating agency representative.
Non‑burnable Debris:
Non‑burnable construction and demolition debris includes, but is not
limited to, creosote timber, plastic, glass, rubber and metal
products, sheet rock, roofing shingles, carpet, tires, and other
materials as may be designated by the coordinating agency. Garbage
will be considered non‑burnable debris.
C-9
(page 5)
Stumps: Stumps will be considered tree remnants exceeding 24 inches
in diameter; but no taller than 18 inches above grade, to include
the stump ball. Any questionable stumps shall be referred to the
designated coordinating agency representative for determination of
its disposition.
Ineligible Debris:
Ineligible debris to remain in place includes, but is not limited
to, chemicals, petroleum products, paint products, asbestos, and
power transformers.
Any
material that is found to be classified as hazardous or toxic waste
(HTW) shall be reported immediately to the designated coordinating
agency representative. At the coordinating agency representative’s
direction, this material shall be segregated from the remaining
debris in such a way as to allow the remaining debris to be loaded
and transported. Standing broken utility poles, damaged and downed
utility poles and appurtenances, transformers and other electrical
material will be reported to the coordinating agency representative.
Emergency workers shall exercise due caution with existing overhead
and underground utilities and above ground appurtenances, and advise
the appropriate authorities of any situation that poses a health or
safety risk to workers on site or to the general population.
C
Debris
classifications developed and used by the Corps of Engineers in
Hurricane Andrew recovery.
ESTIMATING DEBRIS QUANTITIES
The
formula for estimating debris quantity is: Q=H(C)(V)(B)(S)
H
(Households)=Population/3 (3 persons per household)
C
(Category of Storm)=Factor (See table below)
V
(Vegetation Multiplier)= Factor (See table below)
B
(Commercial Density Multiplier)= Factor (See table below)
S
(Precipitation Multiplier)= Factor (See table below)
Hurricane Category Value of
“C” Factor
1 2 CY
2 8 CY
3 26
CY
4 50 CY
5 80 CY
Vegetative Cover Value
of “V” Multiplier
Light 1.1
Medium
1.3
Heavy 1.5
Commercial Density Value of
“B” Multiplier
Light 1.0
Medium
1.2
Heavy 1.3
Precipitation
Value of “S” Multiplier
None to Light
1.0
Medium to
Heavy 1.3
C-9
(page 6)
Once
the amount of debris has been estimated, the Parish will
require temporary storage sites the size of which can be determined
by taking the following factors into consideration:
1.
The debris pile shall be stacked to a height of no more than 10
feet.
2.
60% usage of the land area will be devoted to roads, safety buffers,
burn
pits, household hazardous waste, etc.,.
3. 10
foot stack height = 3.33 yards
4. 1
acre = 4,840 square yards (sy)
5.
Total volume per acre = 4,840 sy/ac x 3.33y = 16,133 cy/ac.
Using
the above assumptions, the estimate of total debris from any
hurricane will be within 30% plus or minus of the actual amount of
debris accumulated.
Has
estimated the that under the worst scenario, e. g., is a Category 5
hurricane, heavy vegetation cover, heavy commercial density, and
heavy precipitation, the amount of acres needed for a temporary
landfill is 3,352 acres. The calculation (assuming a population of
500,000) is as follows:
Q =
H(C)(V)(B)(S)
Q =
166,667 x 80 x 1.5 x 1.3 x 1.3
Q =
33,800,068 cy of debris.
33,800,068 (cy of debris / 16,133 (cy/ac) = 2,095 acres of debris.
2,095
acres x 1.66 (60% more area needed for roads, ,etc.,.)= 3,352 acres.
Note: To help visualize what 33,800,068 cy of debris looks like,
picture a building occupying 1 acre. 1,000,000 cy of debris would
create a stack 62’ high on one acre. That building would be 2,046
feet high or approximately 200 stories high.
DEBRIS
DISPOSAL AND REDUCTION
Once
the debris is removed from the damage sites, it will be taken to the
temporary land fills. The three methods of disposal are burning,
recycling, and grinding/chipping.
Grinding and chipping will be utilized as a viable reduction
method. Grinding and chipping reduces the volume on a 4 to 1
ratio. For grinding and chipping to be feasible, 25% of volume
remaining must have some benefit or use.
The
three primary burning methods are open burning, air curtain pit
burning, and incineration. Controlled open burning is a
cost-effective method for reducing clean woody debris in rural
areas. Burning reduces the volume by 95%, leaving only ash residue
to be disposed of. Air curtain pit burning substantially reduces
environmental concerns. The blower unit must have adequate air
velocity to provide a “curtain effect” to hold smoke in and to feed
air to the fire below. Portable incinerators use the same methods
as air curtain pit systems. The only difference is that portable
incinerators utilize a pre-manufactured pit in lieu of an onsite
constructed earth/limestone pit.
Metals, wood, and soils are prime candidates for recycling. Most of
the non-ferrous metals are suitable for recycling. Specialized
contractors are available to bid on disposal of debris by recycling
if it is well sorted.
C-9
(page 7)
SITE
CLOSE-OUT PROCEDURES
Each
temporary debris staging and reduction site will eventually be
emptied of all material and be restored to its previous condition
and use.
Before
activities begin ground and aerial photos will be taken, important
features such as structures, fences, culverts, and landscaping will
be noted. Random soil samples will be taken as well as water
samples from existing wells. The site will be checked for volitale
organic compounds.
After
activities begin, constant monitoring of air quality and soil and
water samples will take place. Photo , maps, and sketches of the
site will be updated and fuel spills will be noted.
At
close-out final testing of soil, water, and air quality and compared
to original conditions. All ash will be removed and any remediation
actions will be taken.
DEBRIS
MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
The
Debris Management Plan is separated into four stages:
1. Normal Operations
Develop local and regional resource list of contractors who can
assist local governments in all phases of debris management.
Develop sample contracts with generic scopes of work to expedite the
implementation of their debris management strategies.
Develop mutual aid agreements with other State agencies and local
governments, as appropriate, following guidelines established in
agency procurement manual.
Identify and pre‑designate potential debris storage sites for the
type and quantity of debris anticipated following a catastrophic
event.
Pre
identify local and regional critical routes in cooperation with
contiguous and regional jurisdictions.
Develop site selection criteria checklists to assist in identifying
potential debris storage sites.
Identify and coordinate with appropriate regulatory agencies
regarding potential regulatory issues and emergency response needs.
Develop the necessary right of entry and hold harmless agreements
indemnifying all levels of government against any potential claims.
Establish debris assessment process to define scope of problem.
Develop and coordinate pre‑scripted announcements with the Public
Information Office (PIO) regarding debris removal process,
collection times, temporary storage sites use of private
contractors, environmental and health issues, etc.
C-9
(page 8)
2. Increased Readiness
( A
natural or man‑made disaster is threatening the local area)
Review
and update plans, standard operating procedures, generic contracts,
and checklists relating to debris removal, storage, reduction, and
disposal process.
Alert
local departments that have debris removal responsibilities ensuring
that personnel, facilities, and equipment are ready and available
for emergency use.
Relocate personnel and resources out of harm's way and stage in
areas where they can be effectively mobilized.
Review
potential local, regional, and debris staging and reduction sites
that may be used in the response and recovery phases in the context
of the impeding threat.
Review
resource listing of private contractors who may assist in debris
removal process. Make necessary arrangements to ensure their
availability in the event of the disaster.
3. Response
Activate debris management plan, coordinate with needs assessment
team.
Begin
documenting costs.
Coordinate and track resources (public and private).
Establish priorities regarding allocation and use of available
resources.
Identify and establish debris temporary storage and disposal sites
(local, regional).
Address any legal, environmental, and health issues relating to the
debris removal process.
Continue to keep public informed through the PIO.
4. Recovery
Continue to collect, store, reduce, and dispose of debris generated
from the event in a Cost-effective and environmentally responsible
manner.
Continue to document costs.
Upon
completion of debris removal mission, close out debris storage and
reduction sites by developing and implementing the necessary site
restoration actions.
Perform necessary audits of operation and submit claim for Federal
assistance.
C-9
(page 9)
SAMPLE
DEBRIS PLAN ANNEX
Table
of Contents
Sample: Notice to public
Sample: Mutual Aid Agreement
Sample: Intergovernmental Emergency Mutual Aid Agreement
Sample: Time and Material Contract
Sample: Lump Sum Contract
Sample: Unit Price Contract
Sample: Right of Entry Agreement
Sample: Site Selection Priority List
Sample
Debris Management Plan
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